NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

Exercises

Question:- 1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?

Answer:- The term “people as resource” refers to a country’s working population in terms of their current productive skills and capacities. Human resources are an asset rather than a liability for the economy. When money is invested in education, training, and medical care, the population becomes human capital. Human capital, in fact, is the stock of ability and productive knowledge that they possess.

Question:- 2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?

Answer:- Human resources differ from other resources such as land and physical capital in that they can be used to produce productive output using other resources. Land and physical capital, on the other hand, are reliant on human resources for their utilisation and are incapable of producing any productive output on their own.

Question:- 3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?

Answer:- The role of education in human capital formation is as follows:

1. People who are educated earn more than those who are illiterate.
2. A well-educated population is beneficial to a country’s economy.
3. It results in increased productivity.
4. It provides a person with fresh opportunities.
5. It raises aspirations and cultivates life values.
6. It contributes to societal development.
7. It improves national income, cultural diversity, and governance efficiency.

Question:- 4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Answer:- The following is the role of health in the building of human capital:

1. People who are healthier are more productive because their health allows them to reach their full potential and combat illness. An ill person, on the other hand, becomes a liability for a company.
2. It raises one’s standard of living. A healthy person is able to complete his tasks in a timely and effective manner.
3. In comparison to an unhealthy individual, a healthy person contributes more to society.
4. A person’s health allows him to make more money and work more consistently.

Question:- 5. What part does health play in the individual’s working life?

Answer:- Health is extremely important in a person’s life because, as we all know, health is wealth, and only a healthy person can work or perform to his or her greatest capacity. A person who is ill is unable to work effectively. A healthy individual may work longer and harder, making more money and having a better life. Only when one’s physique is in good shape can one perform well. As a result, we can conclude that health is extremely important in one’s life.

Question:- 6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?

Answer:- Primary sector includes:- Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, and mining. 

Secondary sector includes:- quarrying and manufacturing. 

Tertiary sector includes :- trade, transportation, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance etc.

Question:- 7. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?

Answer:-

Question:- 8. Why are women employed in low paid work?

Answer:- When women first enter the workforce, they are compensated for their efforts. Their pay is decided by education and skill, just like that of their male counterparts. Because the majority of women have limited education and skill development, they are paid less than males. The majority of women work in jobs that are not guaranteed.

Question:- 9. How will you explain the term unemployment?

Answer:- Unemployment is defined as a scenario in which skilled and abled people are unable to find gainful employment at a reasonable wage. Unemployment exists in both rural and urban places. Seasonal unemployment affects the rural population, while educated unemployment affects the urban population.

Question:- 10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

Answer:- Disguised Unemployment:- In case of disguised unemployment, people seem to be employed but they are not actually employed.  In certain agricultural families, eight individuals work on a farm when only four persons are required to complete the task. As a result, four people are surplus to requirements on the farm. They also don’t contribute to increased output. If these four extra people are removed from the farm, the farm’s production will not be affected. As a result, these four people look to be working yet are actually unemployed.

Seasonal Unemployment:- Unemployment that occurs only during certain seasons. People experience seasonal unemployment when they are unable to find work during certain months of the year. People who rely on agriculture frequently confront such issues. Sowing, harvesting, weeding, and threshing are all done during certain busy seasons. There isn’t much work when the plants are growing. They remain unemployed throughout this time and are referred to as seasonally unemployed.

Question:- 11. Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?

Answer:- In India, educated unemployment has become a typical occurrence. In India, young people with matriculation, graduation, and post-graduate degrees are unable to find work. This is due to India’s schooling system, which considers everybody beyond the age of 18 to be eligible to work. As a result, the youth become unskilled and, as a result, unemployed. It is critical that a person not only have a degree, but also be skilled enough to find work.

Question:- 12. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?

Answer:- Because agriculture is India’s backbone, agriculture-based enterprises can provide the most employment opportunities.

Question:- 13. Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?

Answer:-  The following are some of the educational approaches that have been implemented to address the problem of educated unemployed people:

1. People should be encouraged to pursue vocational education so that they will have an easier time finding work because they will be better prepared.
2. In order to provide education, more information technology should be used.
3. Education should be career-focused.
4. In the tertiary sector, more job possibilities for educated persons should be made available.

Question:- 14. Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many?

Answer:- Sriperambathur, Nanganneri, Koodangulam, etc.

Question:- 15. Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?

Answer:- Human Capital is the capital I regard to be the best because some countries, such as Japan, have invested in human resources because they lack natural resources. These are developed and wealthy countries. They import the natural resources that their country requires. They have made significant investments in people, particularly in the areas of education and health. Other resources, such as land and capital, have been effectively utilised by these people. People’s efficiency and technology have made these countries wealthy and developed.