VERBS
Definition or Meaning of Verb :- A word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence is called a Verb.
- jump, stop, explore, be, seem, have, evolve, shrink, widen, love, ride, become, etc….
For Example:
- I love teaching and sharing knowledge.
- Sheetal wants to become an artist.
- Krishna writes notes of social science.
- Stop making noise.
Kinds/Types of Verbs:-
As you start knowing English grammar you’ll find different types of Verbs. Some people often get confused among it, but you don’t need to be after reading this post.
Here on this page we tell you…
- Names of different kinds or types of verbs &
- their relationship to each other.
Verbs can be Classified on following basis:-
We can Classify Verbs in Three ways-
- A.) Verbs According to their Role in a Sentence (i.e. syntactically),
- B.) Verbs Based on their formation (morphologically),
- C.) Based on their meaning (semantically).
A.) On the basis of their (The Verb's) Role in a Sentence:-
When we divide a Verb on the basis of the job it perform in a sentence, it is said that it is divided syntactically. Following are the divisions and sub-divisions according to syntax:
1. Finite verbs
a. transitive verbs.
b. intransitive verbs.
c. linking Verbs.
2. Non-finite verbs (also known as verbals)
a. Infinitives.
b. Gerunds
c. Participles
- i.) Present participle.
- ii.) Past participle.
- iii.) Perfect participle.
3. Helping verbs. (also known as Auxiliaries)
a. Primary auxiliaries.
b. Modal auxiliaries.
B.) On the basis of Formation of the Verb-Word:-
Depending upon how they are formed Verbs can Verbs can be divided into various kinds. It is called morphological division.
- Regular verbs.
- Irregular verbs.
- Compound verbs.
- Phrasal verbs.
C.) On the basis of their Meaning:-
When we divide verbs according to their meaning, it is called semantic classification.
- action words (action verbs)
- being
- having
1. Finite verbs
- Verbs that are limited by number and person is known as Finite verbs.
For example:-
- She is reading.
- They are dancing.
Here the subjects “she” and ” they” decide whether we need to use “is” or “are”. Hence here “is” & “are” are finite verbs.
2. Non-finite verbs
- Verbs that are not limited by numbers and person of a sentence is known as infinite verbs.
For example:-
- I like reading newspaper.
- He wants to go abroad.
Here “reading” and “to go” will not change the subject of the sentence. This means they are not limited by the number and person.
3. Helping verbs. ( Auxiliaries)
- Helping verbs ( also known as auxilliaries verb) verbs are used together with a main verb to show the verb’s tense or to form a negative or question of a sentence.
Following are the categories of Helping or Auxiliaries verbs.
- Modal Auxiliary Verbs.
- Marginal Auxiliary Verbs
- Primary Auxiliary Verbs
4. Modal Auxiliary Verbs
- Modal Auxiliary verbs are not used as main verbs, they are only used as a helping verb. Their form don’t change with subject, person, or number.
For example:-
Can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to.
5. Mariginal Auxiliary Verbs
- Marginal Auxiliarry verbs can be used as main verbs ( need & dare) or an adjective (used to) in a sentence.
For example:-
Need, Dare, Used to ….
6. Primary Auxiliary Verbs
- Primary Auxiliary Verbs are used both as helping as well as main verbs.
For example:-
Do ( to do, do, does, done, did and didn’t, doesn’t or did not ), have (has, have, having, had, and hadn’t or had not ), be ( be, to be, been, am, are, is, was, were, wasn’t, was not aren’t, are not, weren’t and were not)
7. Transitive verbs.
- If a verb requires an object after it to give a complete sense, it is called a transitive verb.
For example:-
- I write an essay.
- Children fly kites.
Here “write” and “fly” are transitive verbs as they require an object to make complete sense.
8. Intransitive verbs
- If a verb does not require an object after it, it is called intransitive verb.
For example:-
- Birds fly.
- She slept.
Here “Fly” and “slept” does not require any object to make the sense of sentence complete.
9. Linking Verbs.
- Linking verbs are verbs that connect a subject and further information about that subject in a sentence.
For example:-
- The Amitabh Bachann seems like a nic personality.
- I felt so excited today.
10. Infinitives Verbs
- To+Verb (Ist form) is called infinitive verbs. It acts both as noun and a verb.
For example:-
- To err is human.
- I want to write.
- I want to write a letter.
11. Gerunds
- Verb(Ist form) + ing is called Gerunds. It acts as a noun and a verb.
For example:-
- Swimming is a good exercise.
- He learnt driving.
- Ram likes watching television.
12. Participles
- A word that acts as a verb as well as adjective is called a participle.
There are 3 types of participles.
- Present Participles
- Past Participles
- Perfect Participles
13.Present participle.
- The forms of verbs that express a non-completed or continuing action are called Present participles. They end in ‘-ing‘ and are used with auxiliary verbs ‘be’ and ‘have’ to make continuous sentences, such as Present Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous, etc….
For example:-
- Hearing the noise, we rushed out of the restaurant.
- Thinking all is well, he went to bed.
14. Past Participle.
- Past Participles express a completed action. They end in ‘-ed‘ (except for irregular verbs) and are used with auxiliary verb ‘have’ to form perfect sentences such as Present Perfect, Past Perfect, etc., and Passive voice.
For example:-
- We have finished our work for today.
- She has completed her project.
15. Perfect participle
- Perfect Participle shows that an action being completed in past. Having+ verb (3rd form) is used here.
For example:-
- Having done with it, they got down to work.
- having rested, they started their journey again.
16. Regular verbs
- Regular verbs are those verbs that follow a regular pattern when converting its forms. The “usual” rule” is to add “-ed”, or “ied” or “-d” to the base form(i.e 1st form) of the verb to create the other forms.
For example:-
How to pronounce – “ed”, Rules are given below.
17. Irregular verbs.
- Irregular verbs are those verbs that don’t follow the “usual rule” of adding –”d”, –”ed” or –”ied” to the base form(i.e 1st form) of the verb to form their past simple and past participle.
For example:-
Where all forms are same.
Where 2nd and 3rd forms are same.
Where 1st and 3rd forms are same.
Where all forms are different.
18.Compound verbs.
- A compound verb is a verb that is made up of more than one words.
Types of compound verbs:-
- A Prepositional Verb.
- A Phrasal Verb.
- A Verb with Auxiliaries.
- A Compound Single-Word Verb.
19. Phrasal verbs
- A verb that is made up of a main verb and with an adverb or a preposition, or both is called Phrasal verb. However, their meaning is not same as the meanings of the individual words themselves.
For example:-
