ACTIVE-PASSIVE

The active voice is used when the focus is on the doer performing the action.

The passive voice is used when the focus is on the event, rather than on the action being performed.

When converting a sentence from active to passive voice, the subject (the noun that perform the action) becomes the object (the noun on which the action is been performed) and the object become the subject.

Role of transitive and intransitive verbs.

A verb can either be transitive or intransitive. A transitive verb is a verb that indicates an action performed by one element on another element.

Intransitive verbs are those actions that are performed on the performer. There is only one element performing the action. The action is not performed by anything that is the action can exist by itself.

Any sentence which does not have an object cannot be converted into passive voice.

Some sentences might have multiple nouns, but might not contain any nouns that are subjects. Even in such cases, the voice cannot be changed.

For example the pencil fell from the table.

In the sentence about the pencil is the subject because it is performing the action of following however the action is not been performed on the table. Therefore this sentence cannot be converted into passive voice.

Structure of passive voice.

When a sentence need to be converted into passive voice, it should always be in the following form
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Understanding the agent in passive voice.

Agent is a thing that perform an action. Sometimes, passive voice eliminates the need of mention an agent, This is because :-

1.the action is more important important than agent.

2. The Identity of agent is understood.

3. The Identity of the agent is unknown.

4. The Identity of the agent need to be kept secret.

Sentences with two objects.

If a sentence in the active voice contain both and indirect object and indirect object, passive voice can be formed in two ways.

Passive voice when using infinitive and gerunds.

When using infinitive, the following is how the structure changes.

To + verb
changes to
To + be + past

When using Gerunds, the following is how the structure changes

verb + ing
changes to
being + past participle

Formulae for making Passive voice of Present Indefinite tense:-

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Interrogative+ Negative	Wh Family Interrogative	Wh Family Interrogative+ Negative
Active	Sub+Verb Ist Form + Object Or Sub+Verb Ist Form+s/es + Object	Sub+ do/does + not +Verb Ist Form + Object	Do/does+ Sub + Verb Ist Form+ object	Do/does+ Sub + not + Verb Ist Form+ object	Wh Family words+ Do/does+ Sub + Verb Ist Form+ object	Wh Family words+ Do/does+ Sub + not + Verb Ist Form+ object
Passive	Object + is/am/are+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Object + is/am/are+ not+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Is/am/are+ Object + Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Is/am/are+ Object + not+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Wh Family words+ Is/am/are+ Object + Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Wh Family words+ Is/am/are+ Object + not+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject

Formulae for making Passive voice of Present Continuous tense:-

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Interrogative+ Negative	Wh Family Interrogative	Wh Family Interrogative+ Negative
Active	Sub+ is/am/are+Verb Ist Form+ing + Object	Sub+ is/am/are + not +Verb Ist Form + ing + Object	is/am/are+ Sub + Verb Ist Form+ ing + object	is/am/are + Sub + not + Verb Ist Form+ ing + object	Wh Family words+ is/am/are + Sub + Verb Ist Form+ ing + object	Wh Family words+ is/am/are + Sub + not + Verb Ist Form+ ing + object
Passive	Object + is/am/are+ being + Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Object + is/am/are+ not+ being+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Is/am/are+ Object + being+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Is/am/are+ Object + not+ being+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Wh Family words+ Is/am/are+ Object + being+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Wh Family words+ Is/am/are+ Object + not+ being+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject

Formulae for making Passive voice of Present Perfect tense:-

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Interrogative+ Negative	Wh Family Interrogative	Wh Family Interrogative+ Negative
Active	Sub+ Has/Have +Verb 3rd form + Object	Sub+ Has/Have + not +Verb 3rd form + Object	Has/Have + Sub + Verb 3rd form + object	Has/Have + Sub + not + Verb 3rd form + object	Wh Family words+ Has/Have + Sub + Verb 3rd form + object	Wh Family words+ Has/Have + Sub + not + Verb 3rd form + object
Passive	Object + is/am/are+ been+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Object + is/am/are+ not+ been+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Is/am/are+ Object + been+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Is/am/are+ Object + not+ been+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Wh Family words+ Is/am/are+ Object + been+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject	Wh Family words+ Is/am/are+ Object + not+ been+ Verb 3rd Form + By Subject

Formulae for making Passive voice of Present Perfect Continuous tense:-

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Interrogative+ Negative	Wh Family Interrogative	Wh Family Interrogative+ Negative
Active	Sub+ Has/Have+ been +Verb Ist form + ing + Object + For/ Since + time	Sub+ Has/Have+ not+ been +Verb Ist form + ing + Object + For/ Since + time	Has/Have+ Sub+ been +Verb Ist form + ing + Object + For/ Since + time	Has/Have+ Sub+ not + been +Verb Ist form + ing + Object + For/ Since + time	Wh Family words+ Has/Have+ Sub+ been +Verb Ist form + ing + Object + For/ Since + time	Wh Family words+ Has/Have+ Sub+ not + been +Verb Ist form + ing + Object + For/ Since + time
Passive	No Passive Voice	No Passive Voice	No Passive Voice	No Passive Voice	No Passive Voice	No Passive Voice