Question:- 4. List changes in the body that take place at puberty.

Answer:-  The changes that take place in the body at the time of puberty are as follows:-

1. Sudden increase in the height of both boys and girls.
2. The voice of boys gets hoarse and that of girls become shrill.
3. Shoulders become broader and muscles grow more prominently in boys.
4. In girls, the regions below the waist becomes wider.
5. Hair start growing in different parts of the body of boys and girls.
6. Growth of acne and pimples.
7. They develop the ability to reproduce.
8. Menstruation begins in females.

Question:- 5. Prepare a Table having two columns depicting names of endocrine glands and hormones secreted by them.

Answer:-

Question:- 6. What are sex hormones? Why are they named so? State their function.

Answer:- Sex hormones are hormones that help and control the development of secondary sexual characteristics. They’re called so because they regulate sexual activity and help us to distinguish boys from girls.

The functions of sex hormones are listed separately below:

Testosterone :- Male sex hormone (MSH) is a hormone that is produced by males It’s also known as testosterone. It is produced by the testes and induces secondary sexual character changes in boys, such as the growth of facial hair such as a moustache or beard. 

Estrogen :- Estrogen is another name for female sex hormone. It is released by the ovaries and regulates secondary sexual characteristics in females, as well as the formation of mammary glands, among other things. It also keeps the pregnancy going.

Question:- 7. Choose the correct option.

(a) Adolescents should be careful about what they eat, because

(i) proper diet develops their brains.

(ii) proper diet is needed for the rapid growth taking place in their body.

(iii) adolescents feel hungry all the time.

(iv) taste buds are well developed in teenagers.

Answer:- (ii) proper diet is needed for the rapid growth taking place in their body.

(b) Reproductive age in women starts when their

(i) menstruation starts.

(ii) breasts start developing.

(iii) body weight increases.

(iv) height increases.

Answer:- (i) menstruation starts.

(c) The right meal for adolescents consists of

(i) chips, noodles, coke.

(ii) chapati, dal, vegetables.

(iii) rice, noodles and burger.

(iv) vegetable cutlets, chips and lemon drink.

Answer:- (ii) chapati, dal, vegetables.

Question:- 8. Write notes on—

(a) Adam’s apple.

Answer:-  (a) Adam’s apple:   The voice box in boys swells from the upper region of the neck, just below the chin, and is known as Adam’s apple. The vocal chord thickens and elongates as a result the voice of males become harsh.  On the other hand, females have a tiny larynx that is hardly noticeable. As a result, girls have a high pitched voice.

(b) Secondary sexual characters.

Answer:- (b) Secondary sexual characters: Secondary sexual characters are those that are more visibly noticeable and help in differentiating a male from a female.  For example, Breasts in girls, and facial hair such as a moustache and beard in boys.

(c) Sex determination in the unborn baby.

Answer:-  The sex chromosomes in humans are the X and Y chromosomes. Females  Ovum always have an X chromosome, but male sperm might have either an X or a Y chromosome. When an X-chromosome-carrying sperm fertilises an egg, the zygote develops into a female kid with two X chromosomes and vice versa.

Question:- 9. Word game : Use the clues to work out the words.

Across

3. Protruding voice box in boys
4. Glands without ducts
5. Endocrine gland attached to brain
6. Secretion of endocrine glands
7. Pancreatic hormone
8. Female hormone

Down

1. Male hormone
2. Secretes thyroxine
3. Another term for teenage
4. Hormone reaches here through blood stream
5. Voice box
6. Term for changes at adolescence